There is extensive medical literature regarding the psychological manifestations of both functional and endocrine inactive pituitary tumors. Patients may experience any one of a multitude of personality and psychiatric disorders as a consequence of perturbations in homeostasis due to either excess or deficient secretion of one or more anterior pituitary hormones.
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Some patients will have residual acromegaly despite undergoing a successful transsphenoidal surgical procedure by experienced neurosurgeons. Fortunately, there are a number of pharmacologic agents that have demonstrated effi cacy in the management of patients with residual and recurrent acromegaly and in those who are not candidates for primary surgery. Some of these drugs have changed the natural history of treated acromegaly. As a result, many of the more severely distressing end-stage manifestations of the disorder are now seen only infrequently.
Transsphenoidal surgery remains the treatment of choice for most patients with acromegaly. Optimal management of the 10 to 50% of patients who do not undergo remission after transsphenoidal surgery and the 20% of patients who experience recurrence of acromegaly after initial transsphenoidal surgery remains less clear. Radiation represents an evolving treatment for acromegaly that warrants consideration as an alternative to medical therapy for cases refractory to transsphenoidal surgery.
Goals of treatment for patients with prolactinomas include normalization of serum prolactin concentrations, reduction in tumor size, resolution of any visual deficits, restoration of sexual function and fertility, and resolution of galactorrhea.